106urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:dddd9632-2f62-529d-aa08-fcb37c695039Acta Ichthyologica et PiscatoriaAIeP0137-15921734-1515Pensoft Publishers10.3897/aiep.52.8130181301Short CommunicationBalitoridaeCottidaeCyprinidaeGasterosteidaeGobiidaeOsmeridaeSalmonidaeFaunistics & DistributionJapanLife below waterLife on landLength–weight relations of ten freshwater fish species (Actinopterygii) from Abashiri River basin, eastern Hokkaido, JapanYamamotoAtsuya12Data curationFormal analysisInvestigationMethodologyValidationVisualizationWriting - original draftTabataKota1InvestigationFukushigeTomohiro13InvestigationInoueTakuya1InvestigationFurutsuHiroaki1InvestigationHiroyaMichihisa1InvestigationKanaiwaMinoru12kanaiwa@bio.mie-u.ac.jphttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6773-3984ConceptualizationFormal analysisFunding acquisitionInvestigationMethodologyProject administrationResourcesSupervisionWriting - review and editingFaculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Hokkaido, JapanTokyo University of AgricultureAbashiriJapanFaculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, JapanMie UniversityTsuJapanNaigai Publishing Co., Taito-ku, Tokyo, JapanNaigai Publishing Co.TokyoJapan
20221204202252295997CCA4EE8-A760-5010-A4B6-8D9B163333B43B501ABC-24DB-4AFD-A693-5E6ED06BBBA72801202203032022Atsuya Yamamoto, Kota Tabata, Tomohiro Fukushige, Takuya Inoue, Hiroaki Furutsu, Michihisa Hiroya, Minoru KanaiwaThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.http://zoobank.org/3B501ABC-24DB-4AFD-A693-5E6ED06BBBA7
Length–weight relations (LWRs) were estimated for ten freshwater fish species such as gin-buna, Carassiuslangsdorfii Temminck et Schlegel, 1846; lake minnow, Rhynchocyprispercnura (Pallas, 1814); Siberian loach, Barbatulatoni (Dybowski, 1869); Japanese smelt, Hypomesusnipponensis McAllister, 1963; masu salmon, Oncorhynchusmasou (Brevoort, 1856); rainbow trout, Oncorhynchusmykiss (Walbaum, 1792); whitespotted char, Salvelinusleucomaenis (Pallas, 1814); ninespine stickleback, Pungitiuspungitius (Linnaeus, 1758); hana-kajika, Cottusnozawae Synder, 1911; and a species of goby Rhinogobius sp. Specimens were collected once a month except in the snow season from the Abashiri River basin, eastern Hokkaido, between June 2007 and November 2011. Fishes were captured by an electrofishing device (Smith–Root Inc., Model 12-b). The estimated allometric coefficient b values ranged from 2.790 (ninespine stickleback) to 3.294 (hana-kajika), and r2 values ranged from 0.772 (lake minnow) to 0.994 (goby). All the LWRs were highly significant, with P < 0.001. Besides, the study provides the first estimates of LWRs for the Siberian loach, Japanese smelt, masu salmon, whitespotted char, hana-kajika, and the goby.
Length–weight relations (LWRs) are important for morphological comparisons between different congeneric species and populations from different geographical areas (Herath et al. 2014; Panda et al. 2016; Roul et al. 2017a, 2017b, 2018; Tran et al. 2021). Several freshwater fishes inhabit the Abashiri River basin in Hokkaido. However, the species’ primary biological parameters, such as LWRs, have been poorly studied or have not been studied at all. Hence, the presently reported study aimed to provide the first estimates of LWRs for gin-buna, Carassiuslangsdorfii Temminck et Schlegel, 1846 (Cyprinidae); Siberian loach, Barbatulatoni (Dybowski, 1869) (Balitoridae) (Figs 1 and 2); Japanese smelt, Hypomesusnipponensis McAllister, 1963 (Osmeridae); masu salmon, Oncorhynchusmasou (Brevoort, 1856) (Salmonidae); whitespotted char, Salvelinusleucomaenis (Pallas, 1814) (Salmonidae); hana-kajika, Cottusnozawae Synder, 1911 (Cottidae) (Figs 3 and 4); and a goby Rhinogobius sp. (Gobiidae). In addition, this study was intended to provide a new estimate of LWRs for alien rainbow trout, Oncorhynchusmykiss (Walbaum, 1792) (Salmonidae), exploited in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, and new estimates of LWRs for lake minnow Rhynchocyprispercnura (Pallas, 1814) (Cyprinidae) and ninespine stickleback Pungitiuspungitius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gasterosteidae) inhabiting Asia.
Materials and methods
The fishes were collected once a month except in the snow and snow-melt season from June 2007 to November 2011, from Abashiri River basin (i.e., Abashiri River, Horokama-hashiri stream, Kemichappu River, Chimikeppu River, and Tsubetsu River; 43°28′–44°01′N, 143°48′–144°16′E). All fishes were captured by an electrofishing device (Smith–Root Inc., Model 12-b). Fishes were measured in the field after being anesthetized by the clove oil (Anderson et al. 1997). In gin-buna, lake minnow, Japanese smelt, and salmonid fishes the fork length (FL) was measured while in other fishes the principal measurement was the total length (TL) and a fish measuring board with 0.1 cm accuracy was used. Total body weight (BW) was determined by an electronic balance with 0.1 g accuracy.
The length–weight relations (LWRs) for all species were calculated using the equation
log(BW) = log(a) + b log(FLorTL)
where BW is the total body weight [g], FL is the fork length [cm], TL is the total length [cm], log(a) is the intercept related to body form and b is the coefficient indicating allometric growth. The parameters of a and b were estimated by a simple linear regression after logarithmic transformation of length and weight data. Extreme outliers were removed from the regression analysis by performing a log-log plot of the length–weight pairs (Froese 2006). The 95% confidence interval (CI) of parameters a and b and coefficient of determination (r2) were estimated.
Results
The details on length–weight relations (LWRs) of all species are given in Table 1. All the LWRs showed highly significance levels (r2 > 0.772, P < 0.001). The formula of LWRs were estimated to be BW = 0.0213FL2.9353 for gin-buna, BW = 0.0139FL2.9953 for lake minnow, BW = 0.0076TL2.9797 for Siberian loach, BW = 0.0089FL2.8731 for Japanese smelt, BW = 0.0106FL3.0397 for masu salmon, BW = 0.0117FL2.9970 for rainbow trout, BW = 0.0121FL2.9424 for whitespotted char, BW = 0.0119TL2.7901 for ninespine stickleback, BW = 0.0071TL3.2937 for hana-kajika, and BW = 0.0063TL3.2860 for Rhinogobius sp.
Hana-kajika, Cottusnozawae collected from the Abashiri River, Japan.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/671703
LWRs parameters for 10 freshwater fish species collected from Abashiri River basin, eastern Hokkaido, Japan.
Species
n
Fork length [cm]
Total length [cm]
Weight [g]
a
95%CIa
b
95%CIb
r2
Carassiuslangsdorfii
764
2.1–29.7
—
22.4–410.0
0.0213
0.0176–0.0258
2.9353
2.8713–2.9991
0.915
Rhynchocyprispercnura
58
5.3–9.7
—
1.6–13.5
0.0139
0.0058–0.0334
2.9953
2.5685–3.4221
0.772
Barbatulatoni
4611
—
2.0–19.8
0.1–121.0
0.0076
0.0074–0.0079
2.9797
2.9635–2.9960
0.966
Hypomesusnipponensis
13
5.3–10.9
—
0.9–7.4
0.0089
0.0012–0.0636
2.8731
2.0411–3.7051
0.789
Oncorhynchusmasou
8208
1.9–21.9
—
0.1–161.5
0.0106
0.0103–0.0109
3.0397
3.0245–3.0550
0.949
Oncorhynchusmykiss
3410
2.0–40.0
—
0.1–800.0
0.0117
0.0114–0.0120
2.9970
2.9854–3.0094
0.987
Salvelinusleucomaenis
3314
2.3–52.0
—
0.1–1700.0
0.0121
0.0117–0.0126
2.9424
2.9273–2.9558
0.978
Pungitiuspungitius
9
—
3.0–6.8
0.2–3.0
0.0119
0.0028–0.0507
2.7901
2.0579–3.5222
0.873
Cottusnozawae
38
—
5.4–17.3
1.7–76.8
0.0071
0.0050–0.0099
3.2937
3.1593–3.4282
0.985
Rhinogobius sp.
3
—
6.0–9.0
2.2–8.4
0.0063
0.0001–0.7084
3.2860
2.9194–3.6526
0.994
n = number of individuals studied, a = intercept of relation, b = slope of relation, CI = confidence interval, r2 = co-efficient of determination.
Discussion
In addition to the fishes mentioned in the results, the following species were collected during the investigation: lampreys (especially ammocoetes larva), Lethenteronreissneri (Dybowski, 1869) and Lethenteroncamtschaticum (Tilesius, 1811), and redfins, Pseudaspiushakonensis (Günther, 1877) and Pseudaspiussachalinensis (Nikolskii, 1889), these were difficult to identify in the field and were excluded from this study.
This study was the first report to determine LWRs of Siberian loach, Japanese smelt, masu salmon, whitespotted char, hana-kajika, and Rhinogobius sp. These LWRs were not found in the FishBase (Froese R, Pauly 2022) except for Russian sea-run form of masu salmon. However, Kato (1992) reported the LWR of whitespotted char in Japan; the formula was BW = 0.01389SL3.0181, where SL is the standard length. Besides, Kato (1991) reported the LWR of subspecies of masu salmon, O.masouishikawai in Japan; the formula was BW = 0.00220SL3.66. Both reports using SL were not directly comparable to this study’s results using FL. On the other hand, there are some reports of the LWRs of alien rainbow trout, Oncorhynchusmykiss, in Europe and western Asia (Esmaeili and Ebrahimi 2006; Erguden and Goksu 2008; Verreycken et al. 2011), but there has been no report from eastern Asia. In addition, the LWRs for lake minnow and ninespine stickleback were studied at Lake Baikal in Russia (IGFA 2001) and Lake Superior in the USA (Devine 2002), respectively. These LWRs of this study were the first records in Asia. Furthermore, since the LWRs of gin-buna were recorded from only one individual (IGFA 2001), the results of this study enriched the database. As for the goby, its species identity has not yet been determined, and according to Nakabo (2013), it is probably a species included in Rhinogobiuskurodai (Tanaka, 1908), but R.kurodai is not listed in FishBase. These results that provide primary data for further biological research will be useful for fishery conservation in the Abashiri River basin.
Acknowledgments
We would like to express our gratitude to Yoshiyasu Machida, Yukichi Ohyama, Takufumi Tohyama, Atsumi Nakano, Yuto Takeuchi, Ryota Hashimoto, Yutaro Sera, Takenori Kayaba, Yaoki Tei, Takuma Saito, Yuichiro Yamauchi, Tomohiko Kamigama, the late Kotaro Yano, and all the people who cooperated in this study. We thank the editor, Dr Rodolfo Reyes and the anonymous reviewers for their fair review of this paper and for their helpful suggestions.
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