Location of fixed landmarks in two species of the Dorosoma genus (image modified from Hubbs and Lagler 1947, Whitehead 1985, and Farré et al. 2016). 1 = Anterior end of the upper maxilla, 2 = End of the supraoccipital bone, 3 = Start of the dorsal fin, 4 = End of the dorsal fin, 5 = Upper boundary of the caudal fin, 6 = Center of the caudal fin, 7 = Base of the caudal fin, 8 = End of the anal fin, 9 = Origin of the anal fin, 10 = Origin of the pelvic fin, 11 = Cleitral fusion, 12 = Anterior end of the lower maxilla, 13 = Posterior end of the maxilla, 14 = Left extreme of the sphenotic orbit, 15 = Right extreme of the sphenotic orbit, 16 = Upper end of the operculum, 17 = Most posterior end at the operculum, 18 = Dorsal insertion of the pectoral fin. The dashed lines are the intraspecific linear discriminant measures.