106urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:dddd9632-2f62-529d-aa08-fcb37c695039urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:73014291-F6B9-403A-8AC3-FAC9C44FEF36Acta Ichthyologica et PiscatoriaAIeP0137-15921734-1515Pensoft Publishers10.3897/aiep.52.8927989279Short CommunicationActinopterygiiTaxonomyCentral AsiaLife below waterLength–weight relations of 14 endemic and indigenous freshwater fish species (Actinopterygii) from the Aral Sea basin, UzbekistanSheralievBakhtiyorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3966-740312ConceptualizationFormal analysisVisualizationWriting - original draftKayumovaYorkinoy2Formal analysisResourcesAllayarovSirojiddinhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4607-24833Formal analysisRozimovAkbarjon45Formal analysisResourcesKomilovaDildorakhon2Formal analysisResourcesUrmonovaDilafruz2Formal analysisPengZuogangpzg@swu.edu.cnhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-20251ConceptualizationFunding acquisitionWriting - review and editingKey Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, ChinaSouthwest UniversityChongqingChinaDepartment of Zoology and General Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Fergana State University, Fergana, UzbekistanFergana State UniversityFerganaUzbekistanDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Termez State University, Termez, UzbekistanTermez State UniversityTermezUzbekistanDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, UzbekistanNational University of UzbekistanTashkentUzbekistanInstitute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, UzbekistanInstitute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of UzbekistanTashkentUzbekistan
20220211202252423924339590158-9027-550F-8155-0173A3CD20A28E3AADB8-3027-4F1E-89CE-794EA93220812006202212092022Bakhtiyor Sheraliev, Yorkinoy Kayumova, Sirojiddin Allayarov, Akbarjon Rozimov, Dildorakhon Komilova, Dilafruz Urmonova, Zuogang PengThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.http://zoobank.org/8E3AADB8-3027-4F1E-89CE-794EA9322081
Length–weight relations (LWR) were estimated for 14 endemic and indigenous fish species from the Aral Sea basin: Alburnoidesholciki Coad et Bogutskaya, 2012; Capoetobramakuschakewitschi (Kessler, 1872); Cottusspinulosus Kessler, 1872; Glyptosternonoschanini (Herzenstein, 1889); Gobiolepidolaemus Kessler, 1872; Gobionigrescens (Keyserling, 1861); Iskandariakuschakewitschi (Herzenstein, 1890); Iskandariapardalis (Turdakov, 1941); Paracobitislongicauda (Kessler, 1872); Sabanejewiaaralensis (Kessler, 1877); Schizothoraxfedtschenkoi Kessler, 1872; Triplophysadaryoae Sheraliev, Kayumova et Peng, 2022; Triplophysaferganaensis Sheraliev et Peng, 2021; and Triplophysauranoscopus (Kessler, 1872). Measurements were taken for total length (0.1 cm precision) and total weight (0.1 g precision). The LWR parameters were determined using a linear logarithmic regression model of weight against length in which values for the slope of the regression, b, that are higher and lower than 3 indicate positive and negative allometric growth, respectively. The estimated values of parameter b ranged from 2.703 (Iskandariakuschakewitschi) to 3.162 (Gobionigrescens). The correlation coefficient (r2) values varied from 0.951 to 0.993, indicating a strong positive relation between length and weight. The maximum total lengths of four of the species (Glyptosternonoschanini, Iskandariakuschakewitschi, Triplophysadaryoae, and Triplophysauranoscopus) constitute new records, and the LWRs of twelve fish species have hitherto not been available in FishBase.
Sheraliev B, Kayumova Y, Allayarov S, Rozimov A, Komilova D, Urmonova D, Peng Z (2022) Length–weight relations of 14 endemic and indigenous freshwater fish species (Actinopterygii) from the Aral Sea basin, Uzbekistan. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 52(4): 239–243. https://doi.org/10.3897/aiep.52.89279
Introduction
In Uzbekistan, all river basins are endorheic; therefore, fish diversity is poorer than in other regions. One-quarter of the fish species in the country are endemic (Mirabdullaev and Mullabaev 2020). The recent discovery of two species of Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933 from the upper reaches of the Syr Darya also confirms this statement (Sheraliev and Peng 2021; Sheraliev et al. 2022). The majority of endemic and indigenous fish species from the inland waters of Uzbekistan do not have commercial value but are important for aquatic ecosystems (Mirabdullaev and Mullabaev 2020; Sheraliev and Peng 2021; Sideleva 2021).
A prerequisite in assessing the population characteristics of any fish species is to investigate its length–weight relation (LWR) (Le Cren 1951). LWRs provide basic knowledge for fisheries research, which is important for fish management and conservation (Çiçek et al. 2022). A few commercially important fish species in Uzbekistan have available LWR data (Kurbanov and Kamilov 2015; Kamilov et al. 2017; Sheraliev et al. 2019); however, no such studies on non-commercial endemic fish species have been undertaken. Because of this scarcity of information, the presently reported study was carried out to determine the LWR parameters of 12 endemic and two native fish species inhabiting the Aral Sea basin in Uzbekistan.
Materials and methods
A total of 676 individuals representing 14 endemic and native fish species were collected between March 2020 and June 2022 from the Syr Darya, Amu Darya, and Zeravshan rivers and their various tributaries using hand nets (Table 1). The following species were collected: Holcik’s riffle minnow, Alburnoidesholciki Coad et Bogutskaya, 2012; sharpray, Capoetobramakuschakewitschi (Kessler, 1872); Turkestan sculpin, Cottusspinulosus Kessler, 1872; Oshanin’s catfish, Glyptosternonoschanini (Herzenstein, 1889); Turkestan gudgeon, Gobiolepidolaemus Kessler, 1872; Hari gudgeon, Gobionigrescens (Keyserling, 1861); Kuschakewitsch loach, Iskandariakuschakewitschi (Herzenstein, 1890); Tajik loach, Iskandariapardalis (Turdakov, 1941); eastern crested loach, Paracobitislongicauda (Kessler, 1872); Aral spined loach, Sabanejewiaaralensis (Kessler, 1877); Zeravshan marinka, Schizothoraxfedtschenkoi Kessler, 1872; Sokh stone loach, Triplophysadaryoae Sheraliev, Kayumova et Peng, 2022; Fergana stone loach, Triplophysaferganaensis Sheraliev et Peng, 2021; and Zeravshan stone loach, Triplophysauranoscopus (Kessler, 1872). The specimens collected were identified with the aid of Berg (1949), Turdakov (1963), Amanov (1985), Thoni et al. (2017), and Sheraliev and Peng (2021) as representing three orders, seven families, and ten genera (Fig. 1). The fishes were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm total length (TL) using a digital caliper and weighed to the nearest 0.01 g total weight (W). LWRs were calculated using the following equation
Twelve out of 14 fish species covered by the presently reported study: (A) Triplophysaferganaensis (8.2 cm TL) from the Shakhimardan River; (B) Triplophysadaryoae (9.5 TL) from the Sokh River; (C) Triplophysauranoscopus (9.8 cm TL) from the Zeravshan River; (D) Paracobitislongicauda (7.9 cm TL) from the Zeravshan River; (E) Iskandariakuschakewitschi (5.2 cm TL) from the Great Fergana Canal; (F) Iskandariapardalis (6.9 cm TL) from the Tupalang River; (G) Gobionigrescens (6.1 cm TL) from the Zeravshan River; (H) Gobiolepidolaemus (7.4 cm TL) from the Kara Darya River; (I) Alburnoidesholciki (7.1 cm TL) from the Zeravshan River; (J) Schizothoraxfedtschenkoi (12.7 cm TL) from the Zeravshan River; (K) Glyptosternonoschanini (10.2 cm TL) from the Margilansay River; (L) Cottusspinulosus (6.3 cm TL) from the Sokh River.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/764688
Sampling locations of 14 endemic and indigenous freshwater fish species used in this study.
Order/Family/Species
Drainage (Basin)
Coordinates
Cypriniformes/Cobitidae
Sabanejewiaaralensis (Kessler, 1877)
Zeravshan River (Amu Darya basin)
39.677730°N, 67.078299°E
Karatag River (Amu Darya basin)
38.345899°N, 68.057145°E
Sherabad River (Amu Darya basin)
37.725809°N, 66.998718°E
Cypriniformes/Cyprinidae
Schizothoraxfedtschenkoi Kessler, 1872
Zeravshan River (Amu Darya basin)
39.677730°N, 67.078299°E
Cypriniformes/Gobionidae
Gobiolepidolaemus Kessler, 1872
Kara Darya River (Syr Darya basin)
40.785837°N, 72.999462°E
Gobionigrescens (Keyserling, 1861)
Zeravshan River (Amu Darya basin)
39.677730°N, 67.078299°E
Cypriniformes/Leuciscidae
Alburnoidesholciki Coad et Bogutskaya, 2012
Zeravshan River (Amu Darya basin)
39.677730°N, 67.078299°E
Tupalang River (Amu Darya basin)
38.343337°N, 67.992137°E
Surkhan Darya River (Amu Darya basin)
37.340607°N, 67.398966°E
Capoetobramakuschakewitschi (Kessler, 1872)
Amu Darya River (Amu Darya basin)
37.235241°N, 67.677525°E
Cypriniformes/Nemacheilidae
Iskandariakuschakewitschi (Herzenstein, 1890)
Great Fergana Canal (Syr Darya basin)
40.479526°N, 70.888375°E
Iskandariapardalis (Turdakov, 1941)
Tupalang River (Amu Darya basin)
38.343337°N, 67.992137°E
Sherabad River (Amu Darya basin)
37.725809°N, 66.998718°E
Paracobitislongicauda (Kessler, 1872)
Zeravshan River (Amu Darya basin)
39.677730°N, 67.078299°E
Tupalang River (Amu Darya basin)
38.343337°N, 67.992137°E
Karatag River (Amu Darya basin)
38.385116°N, 68.081272°E
Triplophysadaryoae Sheraliev, Kayumova et Peng, 2022
Sokh River (Syr Darya basin)
40.049308°N, 71.100995°E
Triplophysaferganaensis Sheraliev et Peng, 2021
Shohimardonsoy River (Syr Darya basin)
39.963237°N, 71.759454°E
Triplophysauranoscopus (Kessler, 1872)
Zeravshan River (Amu Darya basin)
39.741008°N, 66.889978°E
Perciformes/Cottidae
Cottusspinulosus Kessler, 1872
Sokh River (Syr Darya basin)
39.940108°N, 71.157773°E
Siluriformes/Sisoridae
Glyptosternonoschanini (Herzenstein, 1889)
Margilansay River (Syr Darya basin)
40.355162°N, 71.803980°E
W = aTLb
and logarithmically transformed (Froese 2006) into
Log (W) = log(a) + b ∙ log(TL)
where W is the total body weight [g], TL is the total body length [cm], a is the intercept, and b is the slope. The 95% confidence limits of a and b, and the coefficient of determination (r2) were calculated using the equations of Sparre and Venema (1998). All statistical analyses were performed using MS Excel 2019 software.
Results
For all collected species, the coefficient of determination (r2) ranged from 0.951 to 0.993, the a value ranged from 0.0046 to 0.0132, and the b values ranged from 2.703 to 3.234. Sample sizes, total length and total weight ranges, regression parameters, 95% confidence limits of a and b values, and coefficients of regression are given in Table 2. In LWRs, b values higher and lower than 3 indicate positive and negative allometric growth, respectively. According to their b values, Iskandariapardalis, Schizothoraxfedtschenkoi, Glyptosternonoschanini, Triplophysauranoscopus, Sabanejewiaaralensis, Cottusspinulosus, and Capoetobramakuschakewitschi are isometric; Iskandariakuschakewitschi, Paracobitislongicauda, and Triplophysadaryoae have negative allometry; and Alburnoidesholciki, Gobiolepidolaemus, Gobionigrescens, and Triplophysaferganaensis have positive allometry (Table 2). The new maximum total lengths of Glyptosternonoschanini, Iskandariakuschakewitschi, Triplophysadaryoae, and Triplophysauranoscopus were updated.
Descriptive statistics and estimated parameters of length–weight relations for 12 endemic and two native fish species caught from the Aral Sea basin, Uzbekistan.
Species
E
N
Total length [cm]
Weight [g]
Length–weight relation parameters
Min
Max
Min
Max
a
95%CL of a
b
95%CL of b
GT
r2
Alburnoidesholciki
155
4.3
12.1
0.8
19.8
0.0087
0.0076–0.0099
3.156
3.085–3.226
+A
0.971
Capoetobramakuschakewitschia
+
17
4.7
13.7
0.7
16.3
0.0055
0.0037–0.0081
3.108
2.932–3.283
I
0.960
Cottusspinulosusa
+
39
3.9
10.2
0.7
12.6
0.0098
0.0064–0.0151
3.093
2.872–3.315
I
0.963
Glyptosternonoschaninia
+
12
9.1
17.6
9.4
69.3
0.0132
0.0093–0.0189
2.954
2.814–3.094
I
0.989
Gobiolepidolaemusa
+
16
4.4
10.9
0.9
18.8
0.0068
0.0042–0.0112
3.234
3.003–3.464
+A
0.951
Gobionigrescensa
17
4.7
8.3
1.2
7.8
0.0090
0.0061–0.0134
3.162
2.955–3.369
+A
0.977
Iskandariakuschakewitschia
+
27
9.0
14.6
3.4
14.2
0.0102
0.0043–0.0244
2.703
2.502–2.887
–A
0.955
Iskandariapardalisa
+
54
3.2
8.3
0.2
4.8
0.0069
0.0053–0.0089
2.946
2.790–3.102
I
0.982
Paracobitislongicauda
+
61
5.2
17.1
0.9
23.8
0.0121
0.0093–0.0157
2.710
2.599–2.820
–A
0.971
Sabanejewiaaralensisa
+
134
3.3
7.1
0.2
2.2
0.0050
0.0044–0.0058
3.045
2.962–3.127
I
0.961
Schizothoraxfedtschenkoia
+
30
5.8
19.9
2.1
87.0
0.0116
0.0093–0.0146
2.949
2.848–3.050
I
0.989
Triplophysadaryoaea
+
59
4.6
11.3
0.8
9.1
0.0106
0.0084–0.0133
2.781
2.672–2.890
–A
0.964
Triplophysaferganaensisa
+
37
2.6
10.3
0.1
6.7
0.0049
0.0041–0.0060
3.147
3.043–3.252
+A
0.982
Triplophysauranoscopusa
+
18
3.4
11.5
0.3
11.6
0.0072
0.0037–0.0081
3.012
2.927–3.097
I
0.993
E = endemic fish species to the Aral Sea basin (plus signs); N = number of individuals; Min = minimum; Max = maximum; a = intercept; b = slope; CL = confidence limits; GT = growth type, I = isometric growth; –A = negative allometric growth; +A = positive allometric growth; r2 = correlation coefficient. aData represent first reported LWR value; bold font indicates new maximum total length record for the species.
Discussion
Overall, the expected range of b values for LWRs is 2.5–3.5 (Froese 2006) although the ideal value of b is 3.0 (Le Cren 1951). The results of the presently reported study are concordant with the expected range. It has been shown that when b is greater than three, fish grow faster in weight than in length (Islam et al. 2017; Yang et al. 2021). In addition, a b value lower than 3.0 signifies that fish expend more energy on axial growth than to accumulate mass, which could help them seek food and avoid predators (Yang et al. 2021). The calculations performed in this study indicate that, in Iskandariakuschakewitschi, Paracobitislongicauda, and Triplophysadaryoae, parameter b was lower than 3.0, which may be due to cold water, severe environment, low availability of food resources, the large abundance of predators and food competitors, and other unpredictable reasons (Le Cren 1951; Rypel and Richter 2008; Wang et al. 2016). On the other hand, several scientific results indicate that the b value of the same species can vary depending on several factors, including environmental factors such as habitat type, seasonality, and geographic location; biotic factors such as sex, gonadal maturity, health, degree of stomach fullness, food competition, and trophic potential of rivers or ponds; and anthropogenic factors such as gear selectivity, number of examined specimens, and a length range of observed individuals (Hossain et al. 2006; Siddik et al. 2016; Islam et al. 2017; Sheraliev et al. 2019). In previous studies, the maximum lengths of Glyptosternonoschanini, Iskandariakuschakewitschi, Triplophysadaryoae, and Triplophysauranoscopus were given as 10.4, 11.0, 11.2, and 9.0 cm, respectively (Thoni et al. 2017; Froese and Pauly 2022; Sheraliev et al. 2022). By examining a different subsample in the presently reported study, these records were revised to 17.6, 14.6, 11.3, and 11.5 cm, respectively.
In conclusion, our study provides partial information on the 14 endemic and native fish species from the Aral Sea basin as a contribution to the online FishBase, which could help to understand better the fishes of the region and contribute to the management and conservation of fishes in central Asia.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to Quvonchbek Isayevich, Barno Bakhromova, Davlatshoh Subhonberdiev, Botirjon Nurillaev, Fayoziddin Umarov, Karimjon Mirzabekov, Akmaljon Komilov, and Adhamjon Umrzoqov for their help in collecting fish samples. This work was funded by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32170457).
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